{"id":7386,"date":"2023-03-02T08:55:16","date_gmt":"2023-03-02T08:55:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.aquaread.com\/blog\/?p=7386"},"modified":"2023-08-01T14:48:27","modified_gmt":"2023-08-01T13:48:27","slug":"types-and-causes-of-flooding","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.aquaread.com\/blog\/types-and-causes-of-flooding\/","title":{"rendered":"The 5 Types &#038; Causes of Flooding"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">There are several different types of flood, each with their own set of contributing factors. While these different kinds can occur separately, they often occur together \u2013 for example, inland floods can be caused by river floods, and vice versa!<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">Here, we\u2019re going to explore the 5 different types or causes of flooding, looking at the circumstances that make each of them more or less likely (and more or less severe).<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Coastal floods<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">Areas that are populated around the sea often experience <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aquaread.com\/blog\/7-ways-to-stop-sea-pollution\/\">coastal<\/a><\/strong> flooding.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">These are caused by tidal surges, which are experienced as higher-than-average tides. A combination of the following factors can lead to flooding as a result of this:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 300;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">Extreme rainfall<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 300;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">Winds coming from the sea onto land<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 300;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">Barometric pressure\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">When high tide, low pressure, extreme rainfall, and on-shore winds occur together, the chances of <\/span><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aquaread.com\/applications\/marine\">coastal<\/a><\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\"> flooding are very likely. Sea defences are often no match for the waves that can be generated by strong winds.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Storm surge<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-7390\" src=\"https:\/\/www.aquaread.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/tropical-storm-flood-philippines.jpeg\" alt=\"A view of a flooded street in the Philippines. A house is in view, with water up to its windows.\" width=\"900\" height=\"506\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.aquaread.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/tropical-storm-flood-philippines.jpeg 900w, https:\/\/www.aquaread.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/tropical-storm-flood-philippines-300x169.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.aquaread.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/tropical-storm-flood-philippines-768x432.jpeg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">While similar to coastal flooding, storm surges are often more extreme. These are usually caused by cyclonic storms that push water towards the shore, combining again with intense low pressure to generate large waves.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">Tropical storms like hurricanes are a typical culprit here. Historically, <\/span><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/environment\/article\/hurricane-katrina\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Hurricane Katrina<\/a><\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\"> is a notable example of a storm surge with devastating consequences. Tide levels were estimated to be around 25 to 28 feet above normal, causing a dramatic storm surge in which at least 1500 people lost their lives.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">You might be wondering how a storm surge is different from a tsunami \u2013 both cause flooding and pose risks to human life and property. The key difference is in their cause.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">Tsunamis (enormous sea waves of 10 metres or more) are typically produced by seismic underwater events like volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, and mudslides. While they start out small, they generate rapidly in a period of 15 to 60 minutes.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">Storm surges, on the other hand, are caused by extreme weather and generate more gradually.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Inland floods<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aquaread.com\/applications\/flood-monitoring\">Inland flooding<\/a><\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\"> &#8211; also known as urban flooding &#8211; occurs irrespective of the tides. Caused by rainfall, inland flooding is made much worse by:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 300;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">Hot summers that lead to <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aquaread.com\/blog\/what-causes-droughts-and-flooding\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\"><strong>droughts and compacted soi<\/strong>l<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">. When soil is densely packed together, it\u2019s unable to do its usual job of soaking away water.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 300;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">Already very wet or frozen ground which is too saturated to soak up rainfall.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 300;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">Improper drainage systems or blocked channels, either caused by rubbish or tree debris and fallen leaves.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">When inland floods wash into rivers and waterways, they can often take with them urban chemicals and <\/span><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aquaread.com\/blog\/how-flooding-affects-water-quality\/\">degrade water quality<\/a><\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">River floods<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-7389\" src=\"https:\/\/www.aquaread.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/flooded-river-in-russia.jpeg\" alt=\"A view of a flooded river in Russia that has submerged a main road and many fields.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.aquaread.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/flooded-river-in-russia.jpeg 800w, https:\/\/www.aquaread.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/flooded-river-in-russia-300x225.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.aquaread.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/flooded-river-in-russia-768x576.jpeg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">Excessive rain, snowmelt, and ice blockages can all result in a watercourse overflowing.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">While <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.local.gov.uk\/topics\/severe-weather\/flooding\/flood-and-coastal-erosion-risk-management\/river-fluvial-flooding\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\"><strong>river floods<\/strong><\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\"> are an incredibly natural process (helping to shape soil and spread nutrients), they can often be made worse by human activities. These can either occur directly \u2013 say, as a result of littering causing blockages \u2013 or indirectly. Indirect causes can include:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 300;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">The removal of wetlands which naturally sponge up large amounts of water<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 300;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">Cutting down trees and shrubs which help rain <\/span><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aquaread.com\/applications\/ground-water\">seep into the ground<\/a><\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\"> and even reduce the flow of flood water<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Flash floods<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">Flash floods do what they say on the tin! When rain falls fast enough that drainage systems and soil can\u2019t cope, urban areas can rapidly fill with water.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">Sometimes, though, flash floods aren\u2019t caused by rain alone, but by:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 300;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">Dams or levees failing and releasing water<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 300;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">Ice or debris blockages in watercourses breaking<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">Like with any other kind of flood, flash floods are worsened by compacted soil. In the case of flash floods, these are renowned for occuring in areas where wildfires have scorched the earth and vegetation that would otherwise soak up rainfall.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What causes flooding?<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">Whether it\u2019s a coastal flood, inland flood, flash flood, storm surge, or river flood, the causes of flooding are a result of natural phenomena, human activity, or both.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">As we\u2019ve seen, such natural phenomena include barometric pressure, tidal changes, and weather events like precipitation and on-shore wind. While each of these phenomena <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">can <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">cause severe flooding, they\u2019re certainly made worse by human activity such as:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 300;\" aria-level=\"1\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aquaread.com\/blog\/earth-day-2016-how-trees-help-to-reduce-flooding\/\">Deforestation<\/a><\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\"> and removal of wetlands<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 300;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">Urbanisation without considering flooding planes and necessary natural drainage<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 300;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">Improper or improperly managed drainage systems<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 300;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aquaread.com\/blog\/global-warming-impacts-of-rising-sea-temperature\">Climate change<\/a><\/strong> that leads to rising sea levels and more extreme weather events.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">A combination of natural and human activity can quite literally be the \u2018perfect storm\u2019 that ultimately causes the most devastating of floods.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">With extreme weather events increasing in frequency, and sea levels and flooding on the rise, it\u2019s clearer than ever that there\u2019s no time to waste when it comes to climate change. It\u2019s important that we act in harmony with (and not in opposition to) nature, harnessing its benefits in order to keep people and property safe.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Flood monitoring with Aquaread<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-7391\" src=\"https:\/\/www.aquaread.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/water-level-sensor-install.jpeg\" alt=\"Someone in wellington boots and full rain gear is installing a Water Level sensor.\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.aquaread.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/water-level-sensor-install.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/www.aquaread.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/water-level-sensor-install-300x200.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.aquaread.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/water-level-sensor-install-768x512.jpeg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">If you need to monitor <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aquaread.com\/blog\/why-water-level-monitoring-is-so-important\/\">water levels<\/a><\/strong>, Aquaread\u2019s early warning devices can help you spot flooding early.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">Head to our <\/span><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aquaread.com\/applications\/flood-monitoring\">flood monitoring page<\/a><\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\"> to find out how we helped a small village in Essex get more time to react, following severe floods in 2014.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\">Our <\/span><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aquaread.com\/products\/water-level\/leveline-logger\">water level loggers<\/a><\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\"> seamlessly record changes in water pressure, and the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aquaread.com\/products\/water-level\/leveline-baro\"><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\"><strong>LeveLine-BARO Logger<\/strong><\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 300;\"> records atmospheric pressure for a clear picture of flood potential over time.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>There are several different types of flood, each with their own set of contributing factors. While these different kinds can occur separately, they often occur together \u2013 for example, inland floods can be caused by<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":16,"featured_media":7388,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[31],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7386","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v19.13 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>The 5 Types &amp; Causes of Flooding - Aquaread<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"There are a few different types of flood, each with their own set of causes. In this blog, we explore these types and what makes them more likely.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aquaread.com\/blog\/types-and-causes-of-flooding\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The 5 Types &amp; Causes of Flooding - Aquaread\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"There are a few different types of flood, each with their own set of causes. In this blog, we explore these types and what makes them more likely.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.aquaread.com\/blog\/types-and-causes-of-flooding\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Aquaread\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Aquaread\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-03-02T08:55:16+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-08-01T13:48:27+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.aquaread.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/cyclist-in-flood.jpeg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1500\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"998\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"chris.peacock\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@Aquaread\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@Aquaread\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"chris.peacock\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Estimated reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.aquaread.com\/blog\/types-and-causes-of-flooding\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.aquaread.com\/blog\/types-and-causes-of-flooding\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"chris.peacock\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.aquaread.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/81a84d21c21a3dc7b1780b4df9d23a48\"},\"headline\":\"The 5 Types &#038; Causes of Flooding\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-03-02T08:55:16+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-08-01T13:48:27+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.aquaread.com\/blog\/types-and-causes-of-flooding\/\"},\"wordCount\":876,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.aquaread.com\/blog\/#organization\"},\"articleSection\":[\"Blog\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.aquaread.com\/blog\/types-and-causes-of-flooding\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.aquaread.com\/blog\/types-and-causes-of-flooding\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.aquaread.com\/blog\/types-and-causes-of-flooding\/\",\"name\":\"The 5 Types & Causes of Flooding - Aquaread\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.aquaread.com\/blog\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2023-03-02T08:55:16+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-08-01T13:48:27+00:00\",\"description\":\"There are a few different types of flood, each with their own set of causes. 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